WELFARE INDICATORS AND DEVELOPMENT GAPS IN TRIBAL AREAS

Replying to an unstarred question in Rajya Sabha today the Union Minister of State Shri. Durgadas Uikey said that The Government regularly conducts surveys to assess socio-economic indicators. Administrative data is also collected on a daily basis. Information on socio-economic indicators such as malnutrition, maternal mortality, school dropout rates and poverty levels among Scheduled Tribes covering health, education and economic sectors is given below: State-wise statement on key indicators of Scheduled Tribe population vis-à-vis Total Population child health and nutritional status, NFHS-5(2019-21) Sr.No Name of States/UTs Stunting in children under (5) years of age (%) (Height for age) Total ST NFHS-5(2019-21) INDIA 35.5 40.9 1 Andhra Pradesh 31.2 41.0 2 Arunachal Pradesh 28.0 27.9 3 Assam 35.3 30.7 4 Bihar 42.9 42.4 5 Chhattisgarh 34.6 38.4 6 Delhi 30.9 (25.7) 7 Goa 25.8 (33.6) 8 Gujarat 39.0 45.4 9 Haryana 27.5 (39.5) 10 Himachal Pradesh 30.8 32.9 11 Jammu & Kashmir 26.9 26.8 12 Jharkhand 39.6 44.9 13 Karnataka 35.4 39.5 14 Kerala 23.4 36.9 15 Madhya Pradesh 35.7 40.0 16 Maharashtra 35.2 41.4 17 Manipur 23.4 26.8 18 Meghalaya 46.5 46.6 19 Mizoram 28.9 28.5 20 Nagaland 32.7 32.6 21 Odisha 31.0 42.1 22 Punjab 24.5 NA 23 Rajasthan 31.8 35.9 24 Sikkim 22.3 19.7 25 Tamil Nadu 25.0 31.2 26 Telangana 33.1 33.4 27 Tripura 32.3 34.2 28 Uttar Pradesh 39.7 49.2 29 Uttarakhand 27.0 23.7 30 West Bengal 33.8 36.7 Source: NFHS 5(2019-21), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare ( ) Based on 250-499 unweighted cases All India Nutritional Status of children: Indicators All/ST NFHS-5 NFHS-4 Nutritional Status of Children - Prevalence of stunting in children under (5) years of age (%) All 35.5 38.4 ST 40.9 43.8 Prevalence of wasted children under (5) years of age (%) All 19.3 21 ST 23.2 27.4 Prevalence of underweight children under (5) years of age (%) All 32.1 35.7 ST 39.5 45.3 Source: NFHS 5 (2019-21), NFHS 4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Maternal mortality Ratio: Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period. For 2021-23, MMR estimate for India is 88 according to special bulletin on maternal mortality in India 2021-23, Sample Registration Survey (SRS), Office of The Registrar General of India (ORGI). It is heartening that the Maternal Mortality Ratio in India has declined over the years. The Maternal Mortality Ratio remained unchanged at 88 for the period 2021-23 and 2020-22 and has declined over the years to 93 in 2019-21 from 97 in 2018-20 and 103 in 2017-2019. Dropout Rate: Proportion of pupil from a cohort enrolled in a given level at a given school year who are no longer enrolled at any grade in the following school year. The State wise latest dropout rates (2021-22) for Scheduled Tribes and All from UDISE plus, DoSEL Ministry of Education is given at Annexure I Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) As per Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) - 2023-24 conducted by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Ministry of Statistics &Programme Implementation, average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) during 2023-24 by Scheduled Tribes for rural & urban is Rs.3363 & Rs.6030 respectively. Average estimated MPCE in 2023-24 is observed to be Rs.4,122 in rural India and Rs.6,996 in urban India as per fact-sheet for Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) published by MoSPI. All -India Average MPCEs (Rs) 2011-12 2022-23 2023-24 Average MPCEs (Rs) without imputation without imputation without imputation Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Scheduled Tribes 1122 2193 3016 5414 3363 6030 Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, HCES 2011-12, 2022-23,2023-24 The All-India Average Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) for Scheduled Tribes (STs) has shown rise over time in both rural and urban areas. In 2011–12, the average MPCE for Scheduled Tribes was ₹1122 in rural areas and ₹2193 in urban areas. This increased significantly by 2022–23, reaching ₹3016 in rural areas and ₹5414 in urban areas, indicating substantial growth in consumption expenditure. The upward trend continued in 2023–24, when the average MPCE for Scheduled Tribes further rose to ₹3363 in rural areas and ₹6030 in urban areas. State-wise average estimated Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) data for STs and All in 2023-24. (in Rs) Rural Urban State/ UT ST ALL ST ALL Andhra Pradesh 4,162 5,327 6,244 7,182 Arunachal Pradesh 6,048 5,995 10,115 9,832 Assam 3,774 3,793 6,914 6,794 Bihar 3,334 3,670 4,208 5,080 Chhattisgarh 2,471 2,739 3,988 4,927 Goa 6,006 8,048 9,231 9,726 Gujarat 3,690 4,116 5,837 7,175 Himachal Pradesh 5,406 5,825 12,124 9,223 Jharkhand 2,497 2,946 4,761 5,393 Karnataka 4,590 4,903 5,908 8,076 Kerala 4,908 6,611 7,688 7,783 Madhya Pradesh 3,004 3,441 4,445 5,538 Maharashtra 3,103 4,145 5,377 7,363 Manipur 3,997 4,531 6,406 5,945 Meghalaya 3,820 3,852 7,656 7,839 Mizoram 5,948 5,963 8,707 8,709 Nagaland 5,151 5,155 8,161 8,022 Odisha 2,800 3,357 4,650 5,825 Rajasthan 3,384 <span style=